Pump anchor



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United States Patent O 2,917,115 PUMP ANCHOR Wallace A. Stanberry, Shreveport, La., assignor, by mesne assignments, `to Gulf Oil Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania LAplilicmimr August 21, 1956, serial No. 605,325 4 Claims. (ci. 16s- 216) It then becomes necessary kto pump oil from .the well. Pumps of the reciprocating plunger type are widely used chor be capable ofl being -set at the desired elevation in the tubing after the well has stopped flowing from its own pressure without pulling the tubing from the well.

2,917,115 Patented Dec. 15, 1959 "ice Ilarge enough for engagement of the dogs used'in setting the pump anchor of this invention.

The pump anchor has a tubular center mandrel 16 through which production from the well flows to the pump. The center mandrel 16 has a lower expander 18 Vscrewed to its lower end onto which a lower packer 20, constructed of a suitable deformable material, such as neoprene, is moved along the center mandrel and compressed during setting of the pump anchor. In the embodiment illustrated, ya mud anchor 22 is connected to the lower end of the lower expander 18. Slidably mounted on the center mandrel 16 directly above the lower packer is a slip mandrel 24. Upward movement of the slip mandrel 24 above the elevation illustratedin Figure 1 of the drawings is prevented by a ring 2 6 on the center mandrel.

Slidably mounted on the center mandrel 16 above the ring 26 is a collar 28. As is illustrated in Figure 3 of A pump anchor that can be connected to the pumpand run'into the well withthe pump is particularly desirable.

The pumps used for pumping oil from wells are subjected toi'corrosive liquids and entrained sand which in some'instances cause rapid wear of the pumps.l -With most pump anchors heretofore available it has A,been necessary to pull the anchor from the well in order to replace the pump. Pulling a pump anchor from a `well ymay require moving a heavy rig to the well and may damage the anchor and make its replacement necessary.

This invention resides in a pump anchor, for plunger pumps used inwells, which is connected with the lower end of the pump and run into the well with the pump. The pump anchor is locked in place in the tubing of the well to, oppose both upward and Vdownward'forces exerted on the pump by the plunger. s The pump anchor is provided with a seating nipple. at` its upper end permitting -removal of the pump with which the anchor is run in the well and adapted toreceive a. conventional pump hold-down of a replacement pump.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the pump anchor in the run-incondition.' I l Figure 2 is a` longitudinal sectional view of thepump anchor after it has been vset in the well. v y

Figure 3'is Van elevationview showing the J-slot arrangement for releasing lthe locking means to4 set the threaded on its outer surface and the other end on itsv inner surface for connection Vat the coupling `12. 'A .coupling recess 14 is formedlat the coupling of the sections of tubing. Other designs'of'tubingjoirits are Widely With, substantially all of the jointsY there will be acouplig recess the drawings, collar 28 has a J-slot 30 into which a lug 32 on the outer surface of the center mandrel 16 protrudes. The lug 32 engages the walls of the J-slot 3,0 to control movement of the collar 28 along the center mandrel 16 in the manner hereinafter described. Ex-

tending outwardly from the outer surface of the collarv 28 are friction springs 34 which engage the walls of tubing 10 and thereby resist movement of the collar 28 in the well. The friction springs 34 extend downwardly below the lower end of the collar 28 toward the slip mandrel 24. Dogs 36 extend outwardly from the lower end of the friction springs 34 for engagement with the coupling recess 14 when the anchor is set. The engagement of theY friction springs 34 with the wall of tubing lil holds the dogs 36 in an inner posi-tion out of contact with the walls of the tubing, as shown in Figure l, when the collar 28 is in the upper position.

Directly above the collar 28 is a shoulder 38 on the center mandrel 16. The shoulder 38 is screwed to the center mandrel to allow installation of the collar 28 and actually merely forms a section of the center mandrel.

Resting on the upper surface of the shoulder 38 is.

an upper packer 40 constructed of suitable deformable material to form a tight seal between the tubingr10v and center mandrel 16 and prevent downward movement of the pump anchor. An upper expander 42 is Slidably mounted on an upper section 44 of the center mandrel 16. The expander 42 is held in place on thefupper end of the center mandrel by means of a nut 46 on the upper end of the center mandrel which engages a key way 48 at the upper end of the expander. The nut 46z and key way 48 are suitably shaped toprevent relative rotation of the expander 42 and center mandrel 16.

-Screwed tothe upper end of the expander 42 is a seatingl nipple 50. A portion of the central opening through theV seating nipple is provided with left hand lAcme threads 52which receive a similarly threaded setting the center lmandrel 16 which would tend to set packerl 40 against the tubing 10, is prevented during running in ofthe pump anchor by a shear pin 56 which extends from the expander 42 into a groove 58 in the outer surface Y of the section 44. Once the pump anchor has been set in place upward. movement of the lexpander 42- relativeto the ,center mandrel 16 which would tend to releasey the packer 40 is prevented by a lock plunger 60 urged inwardly againstthe section 44 by a spring 62 held in place by a cap screw 64. The plunger 60 then engages the groove 58 in the manner illustrated in Figure 2 of the drawings. Expander 42 and expander 18 are provided with grooves 66 and 68, respectively in their outer sur-` face which prevent the packer rubber from releasing when slight upward or downward load is applied to the center mandrel.

In the installation of the pump anchor the collar 28 is adjusted on the center mandrel 16 before lowering in the well to-place the lug 32 in the substantially horizontal run 70 of the J-slot 30. At this position the collar 28 is held high on the center mandrel 16 whereby the dogs 36 engage the tapered upper surface of the slip mandrel 24 near its upper end, as illustrated in Figure l of the drawings. While the pump anchor is mn in place the friction springs 34 yengage the walls of tubing 10 and hold the lug 32 against the lower face of the substantially horizontal run of the J-slot. When the pump anchor has been lowered to the desired depth, the entire load and pump assembly is turned slightly to the left whereupon the lug 32 moves to the right in the J-slot to a position in alignment with the vertical portion of the J-slot. The whole assembly is then lifted and the lug 32 moves upwardly in the J-slot as the friction of the springs 34 and the tubing 10 resists upward movement of the collar 28. The dogs 36 move downwardly on the inclined upper surface of the slip mandrel 24 and are forced out against the walls of the tubing 10. When the dogs 36 enter a coupling recess 14 further upward movement of the collar 28, dogs 36 and slip mandrel 24 is prevented. The center mandrel 16 is then jarred upwardly, the jarring action being transmitted through the pump, and the expander 18 compresses the lower packer 20 against the slip mandrel 24 and walls of the tubing 10 to set the packer 20.

After setting the packer 20, lsuicient weight is placed on the setting tool 54 to shear the pin 56 and move the upper expander 42 downwardly against upper packer 40. The upper packer 40 is compressed against the shoulder 38 of the center mandrel and the walls of tubing 10. Movement of the upper expander 42 downwardly against the packer 40 allows the lock plunger 60 to enter groove 58; as illustrated in Figure 2, and prevent upward movement of the expander 44 when the load on the setting tool'54 is released. The pump is then in condition for operation. p*

If it becomes desirable to remove the pump for inspection or replacement, the complete assembly of the pump and rods are turned to the right to disconnect the setting tool 54 from the seating nipple 50 at the left hand threads 52 and the pump is pulled from the well. When the pump is run back into the well, the setting tool 54 is removed and replaced with a conventional holddown, illustrated in Figure 4, consisting of a sub 72 having a series of cups 74 extending outwardly. The cups V74A are of conventional construction and are ordinarily ofleather or a synthetic rubber.

The cups 74 engage the inner surface of the cylindrical section 55 of the seatingnipple S and provide the necessary anchor for the 5 center mandrel are preferably the same as the threads of the tubing 10. Then, when the tubing is pulled fthe i pump anchor is disassembled when the sections of tubing are disconnected. Once the upper and lower packers are no longer connected, they may easily be jarredk loose from the tubing,

I claim:

' l. A pump anchor for a well comprising a center mandrel having'a packer expander at its lower end, a lower packer mounted ron the center mandrel above the expander, a slip'mandrel slidably mounted on the center on the center mandrel, a J-slot in the collar,` a lugvextendmandrel above the lower packer, a collar slidably mounted springs extending from the collar to engage the tubing of the well and resist movement of the collar in the well, dogs supported from the collar engaging the slip mandrel, said dogs constructed and arranged to be forced outwardly on upward movement of the center mandrel to enter coupling recesses in the tubing and thereby prevent further upward movement of the slip mandrel whereby the lower packer is compressed between the slip mandrel and the lower expander, an upper packer mounted upon and engaging the center mandrel, an vexpander slidably mounted on the center mandrel above the upper packer and adapted to compress the upper packer against the mandrel'and tubing of the well'upondownward movement of the expander relative to the center mandrel, said expander being keyed to the center mandrel to permit relative longitudinal movement and prevent relative rotation therebetween, whereby the center mandrel can be rotated to move the lug in the'J-slot, a shear pin engaging the expander and center mandrel to hold the expander in an upper position as the anchor is run into the well, means for locking the expander in a lower position to hold the upper packer in engagement with the center mandrel and tubing, and a seating nipple connected to the upper end of the expander, said seating nipple having a left hand thread for connection with a setting tool used in installation of the anchor and a cylindrical section adapted to receive a pump hold-down. Y

2. A pump anchor adapted to be run in a well'on the lower end of a pump, comprising a center mandrel, a iirst packer mounted on the center mandrel, a lower expander mounted on the center mandrel below the first packer adapted to compress the first packer against tubing in the well on upward movement of the center mandrel, a slip mandrel slidably mounted on the center mandrel above the first packer, dogs slidably mounted on the center mandrel adapted to engage the slip mandrel and the tubing on upward movement of the center mandrel to prevent upward movement of the slip mandrel whereby the rst packer is expanded by the lower expander when the center mandrel is moved upwardly, locking means releasable by rotation of the center mandrel adapted to hold the dogs out of engagement with the tubing as the anchor is run into the well, an upper packer mounted on the center mandrel, an upper expanderkeyed on the center mandrel above the upper packer for limited vertical movement relative to the center mandrel to expand the upper packer against the tubing, releasable locking means engaging the center mandrel and the upperexpander to limit downward movement of the 'upper expander relative to the center mandrel as the anchor is run into the well and permit downward movement of the expander relative to the center mandrel after the lower packer has been set, locking means engaging the upper expander and center mandrel to hold the upper expander in a lower position after setting the upper packer, and a seating nipple connected to the upper end of the upper expander and adapted for connection t0 the lower end of the pump. j

3. A pump anchor adapted to be run in a well on the lower end of a pump `comprising a center mandrel, a iirst packer mounted on the center mandrel, a lower expander mouinted on the center mandrel below the first packer adapted to compress the rst packer against tubing in vthe well on upward movement of the center mandrel, a slip u mandrel slidably mounted on the center mandrel above leasable by rotation of thecenter mandrel adapted to hold the dogs out of kengagement with the tubing as the anchor Vis run into the well, an upper packer mounted on the center mandrel, an upper expander keyed on the center mandrel above the upper packer for limited vertical movement relative to the center mandrel to expand the upper packer against the tubing, releasable locking means engaging the center mandrel and the upper expander to limit downward movement of the upper expander relative to the center mandrel as the anchor is run into the well and permit downward movement of the expander relative to the center mandrel after the lower packer has been set, locking means engaging the upper expander and center mandrel to hold the upper expander in a lower position after setting the upper packer, and a seating nipple connected to the upper end of the upper expander, said seating nipple to the pump having a left-hand thread for connection with the lower and of the pump for running the pump anchor in the well and an upwardly opening cylindrical section above the left-hand thread adapted to receive a pump hold down.

4. A pump anchor adapted to be run in a well on a pump comprising a center mandrel, a rst packer mounted on the center mandrel, a lower expander mounted on the center mandrel below the first packer adapted to compress the irst packer against tubing in the well on upward movement of the center mandrel, a slip mandrel slidably mounted on the center mandrel above the rst packer, a ring on the center mandrel above the slip mandrel to limit upward movement of the slip mandrel as the anchor is run in the well, dogs slidably mounted on the center mandrel adapted to engage the slip mandrel and the tubing to prevent upward movement of the slip mandrel whereby the rst packer is expanded by the lower expander when the center mandrel is moved upwardly, locking means releasable by rotation of the mandrel adapted to hold the dogs out of engagement with the tubing as the anchor is run into the Well, an upper packer mounted on the mandrel, an upper expander keyed on the center mandrel above the upper packer for limited vertical movement relative to the center mandrel to expand the upper packer against the tubing, a groove around the center mandrel above the upper packer, a shear pin extending through the upper expander into the groove adapted to hold the upper expander in an upper position as the anchor is run in the well, a lock plunger in the upper mandrel adapted to enter the groove when the upper packer is set to hold the packer in a set position, and a seating nipple connected to the upper end of the upper expander, said seating nipple having a left-hand thread for connection with the pump for running the pump anchor in the Well, and an upwardly opening cylindrical section above the left-hand thread adapted to receive a pump hold down.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,915,771 Wickersham et al June 27, 1933 2,043,492 Reynolds June 9, 1936 2,371,840 Otis Mar. 20, 1945 2,714,932 Thompson Aug. 9, 1955 2,715,441 Bouvier Aug. 16, 1955 2,765,852 Brown Oct. 9, 1956 

